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Law of Andorra

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The law of Andorra includes customary law and legislation.

Constitution

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The Constitution of Andorra was the subject of a referendum on 14 March 1993.

Legislation

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The legislature is the Consell General (English: General Council). The gazette is called Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra (English: Official Bulletin of the Principality of Andorra).[1] Legislation includes decrees.[2]

List of legislation

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  • Decree concerning Andorran nationality of 17 June 1939[3]
  • Decree of 23 August 1947[4]
  • Decree concerning Andorran nationality of 7 April 1970[5]
  • Decree concerning the political rights of Andorran women of 14 April 1970[5]
  • Decree on legal and political majority of 2 July 1971[5]
  • Decree concerning the eligibility of Andorran women of 5 September 1973[5]
  • Decree on the process of institutional reform of 15 January 1981[6]
  • Decree on arms of 3 July 1989[7]
  • Penal Code of 11 July 1990
  • Penal Code of 21 February 2005

Customary law

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Historical or material sources[8] of customary law include canon law,[9] Castilian law,[10] Catalan law, French law and Roman law.[9] Literary sources of customary law include the books Manual Digest (1748)[11] and the Politar Andorrà (1763).[12]

Courts and judiciary

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Courts include the Consell Superior de la Justica, the Tribunal Constitucional,[13] the Tribunal Superior de la Justicia, the Tribunal de Corts, the Tribunal de Batlles, and multiple Batllia.[14]

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Andorra has advocates (French: avocat) and notaries. There is a College of Advocates (French: Collège des Avocats).[15][16]

Criminal law

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The Tribunal de Cortes is the court which has jurisdiction over crime.[17] The Penal Code of 11 July 1990 was the country's first.[18][19] There is now a new Penal Code of 21 February 2005[20] Capital punishment was proscribed in 1990.[21] There is a Police Corps of Andorra.

Nationality

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Main article: Andorran nationality law

Legislation on this subject has included the Decree concerning Andorran nationality of 17 June 1939 and the Decree concerning Andorran nationality of 7 April 1970.

Heritage

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Law 9 of 12 July 2003 relates to Patrimoni Cultural and Bé d'interès cultural.[22]

References

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  • A H Angelo, "Andora: Introduction to a Customary Legal System" (1970) 14 American Journal of Legal History 95 JSTOR OUP
  • Brutails. La Coutume d'Andorre. Ernest Leroux. 1904. (Monumenta Andorrana, volume 1). Google Books: [1] [2]. Second Edition. Ed Casal i Val. Andorra. 1965. Google Books. See also "La coutume d'Andorre" (1968) 46 (Parts 3 & 4) Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 1114 & 1115 Google Books.
  • Pierre Barber. La coutume privee d'Andorre envisagee dans ses sources et dans ses institutions les plus originales. Arthur Rousseau. Paris. 1938.
  • August Teulière. La Constitution de l'Andorre: Les Pouvoirs Législatif et Exécutif. Foix: Gadrat aîné. 1904. Internet Archive.
  • Bertrand Bélinguier. La Condition Juridique des Vallées d'Andorre. Éditions A. Pedone. Paris. 1970. Google Books
  • Jurisprudence civile d'Andorre: arrets du Tribunal superieur de Perpignan, 1947- 1970.
  • Principality of Andorra. Recull de Textos Legislatius i Constitucionals d'Andorra. Andorra. 1977.
  • Rudolf Bernhardt. Encyclopedia of Public International Law. 1990. Pages 8 to 10. [3]
  • Kenneth Robert Redden and William Emerson Brock. "The Legal System of the Principality of Andorra". Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia. W S Hein. 1984. Volume 4. Chapter 2. Paragraph 4.20 et seq. [4]
  • Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia. Volume 4. Chapter 2. Paragraph 4.10 et seq.
  • World Jurist Association. Law and Judicial Systems of Nations. 2002. Page 6 et seq. Google Books
  • J Anglada Vilardebo. "Andorra". International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law. 1970. Volume 1. "National reports". Section A.
  • Gall and Hobby. Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations. Twelfth Edition. Thomson Gale. 2007. Volume 5. Page 22. Google Books. 1988. Page 10. Google Books
  • European Commission of Human Rights. Decisions and Reports 64. Strasbourg. March 1990. Council of Europe p 115
  • Barry Taylor. Andorra. Clio Press. 1993. Page 44. Google Books
Specific
  1. ^ Andorra. Guide to Law Online. The Law Library of Congress.
  2. ^ Duursma. Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states. Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp 324 and 325.
  3. ^ Nationality of Married Women, UN, 1963, p 29
  4. ^ Christine Faure. Political and Historical Encyclopedia of Women. 2004. p 1164.
  5. ^ a b c d Maarseveen and Tang. Written Constitutions: A Computerized Comparative Study. 1978. p 42
  6. ^ (1995) 4 Spanish Yearbook of International Law 249
  7. ^ (2000) Landmine Monitor Report: Toward a Mine-free World 567
  8. ^ For explanation of the expressions "historical or material sources" and "literary sources", see O Hood Phillips, A First Book of English Law, 6th Ed, Sweet & Maxwell, 1960, p 87
  9. ^ a b Brutails. La Coutume d'Andorre. Leroux. 1904. pp 48 & 49. ("Le droit français a été appliqué par certains juges de nationalité française. Priorité du droit catalan comme droit supplétoire. — Restent le droit romain, le droit canon et le droit catalan.")
  10. ^ "La Coutume" (1938) 52 Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes et des archéologues de l'Ain 301 Google Books
  11. ^ Manual Digest. World Digital Library. The Manual Digest was written by Antoni Fiter i Rossell: "Antoni Fiter i Rossell" in Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana (Barcelona, 1988).
  12. ^ Politar Andorrà. World Digital Library.
  13. ^ Byron Augustin. Andorra. Marshall Cavendish. Page 37. (Cultures of the World).
  14. ^ Juliet Love and Jillian O'Brien (eds). "Judicial System" in "Andorra". Western Europe 2003. Fifth Edition. Europa Publications, Taylor and Francis Group. London and New York. 2003. Page 47. (Regional Surveys of the World).
  15. ^ World Jurist Association, Law and Judicial Systems of Nations, p 6
  16. ^ Meritxell Mateu and François Luchaire. "Avocats". La Principauté d'Andorre: Hier et aujourd'hui. Economica. 1999. Page 101. Google Books
  17. ^ Rudolf Bernhardt. Encyclopedia of Public International Law. North-Holland. 1992. Volume 1. Page 164. Google Books
  18. ^ Andorra. United Nations.
  19. ^ Tom Lansford. Political Handbook of the World 2012. SAGE. p 36
  20. ^ Penal Code of Andorra. Sherloc. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
  21. ^ Hans Göran Franck, Klas Nyman and William A Schabas. The Barbaric Punishment: Abolishing the Death Penalty. Martinus Nijoff. 2003. p 82. (Raoul Wallenberg Human Rights Library).
  22. ^ BOPA.
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